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Global Antifungal Drugs Market Size To Reach USD 91.81 Billion In 2032Emergen Research
Emergen Research
Increasing funding and investments in healthcare is a key factor driving antifungal drugs market revenue growth
Vancouver, Sept. 20, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global antifungal drugs market size was USD 13.81 Billion in 2021 and is expected to register a revenue CAGR of 3.6% during the forecast period, according to latest analysis by Emergen Research. Increasing high-value investments in the healthcare sector and Research & Development (R&D) initiatives by various major companies is a key factor driving market revenue growth. In addition, growing prevalence of various fungal skin infections with increasing awareness about fungal disease for early identification and prevention id driving revenue growth of the market.
Majority of life-threating fungal infections inflicts individuals with altered immune function, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer chemotherapy, and hematology, among others. Rising incidence of invasive fungal infections along with immunodeficiency diseases is another major factor driving demand for antifungal drugs. In addition, ease of application of antifungal treatments in the form of oral tablets, topical cream/ointment, and IV drips, as well as their availability as over-the-counter medications, is a key factor increasing demand for antifungal drugs by the healthcare sector. Moreover, increased R&D for new formulated medications for treatment of fungal infections is contributing to growth of the market. On 21 May 2021, MSN Labs launched Posaconazole under the brand PosaOne, for treatment of deadly black fungus both in form of injections and delayed-release tablets. PosaOne, a triazole antifungal drug recommended for treatment of mucormycosis patients, was introduced as 100mg delayed-release tablets and 300mg injections.
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However, various side-effects of antifungal drugs such as allergic reactions, liver damage, itchy skin, and diarrhea, among others, as well as growing resistance to antifungal medications are expected to restrain growth of the market
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Scope of Research
Report Details
Outcome
Market Size in 2021
USD 13.81 Billion
CAGR (2022–2030)
3.6%
Revenue Forecast to 2032
USD 91.81 Billion
Base Year for Estimation
2021
Historical Data
2019–2020
Forecast Period
2022–2030
Quantitative Units
Revenue in USD Billion and CAGR in % from 2022 to 2030
Report Coverage
Revenue forecast, company ranking, competitive landscape, growth factors, and trends
Segments Covered
Drug type, indication analysis, route of administration, distribution channel, and region
Regional Scope
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa
Country Scope
U.S., Canada, Mexico, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Spain, Benelux, Rest of Europe, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Rest of APAC, Brazil, Rest of LATAM, Saudi Arabia, UAE, South Africa, Turkey, and Rest of Middle East & Africa
Key Companies Profiled
GSK Group of Companies, Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., Bayer AG, Merck & Co., Inc., Abbott, Astellas Pharma Inc., Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Glenmark Pharmaceutical Inc., and Leadiant Biosciences, Inc.
Customization Scope
10 hours of free customization and expert consultation
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Major Companies and Competitive Landscape
The global antifungal drugs market is fairly fragmented with many large and medium-sized players accounting for majority of market revenue. Major players are deploying various strategies, entering into mergers & acquisitions, strategic agreements & contracts, developing, testing, and introducing more effective antifungal drugs. Some major players included in the global antifungal drugs market report are:
GSK Group of Companies
Novartis AG
Pfizer Inc.
Bayer AG
Merck & Co., Inc.
Abbott
Astellas Pharma Inc.
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Glenmark Pharmaceutical Inc.
Leadiant Biosciences, Inc.
Strategic Development
On 16 May 2022, Novo Holdings which is a leading global life sciences investor, collaborated with Shinogi with its portfolio company F2G Ltd. To develop and commercialize antifungal agent olorofim for treatment of invasive fungal infections in Europe and Asia. F2G is a U.S., UK, and Austria based biotech company, which is focused on discovery and development of novel therapies to treat life-threatening invasive fungal infections. This deal value included upfront payment of USD 100 million with F2G eligibility of additional regulatory and commercial milestones of around USD 380 million in addition to double-digit royalties on net sales and share development costs. Olorofim is a novel oral antifungal therapy drug for treatment of invasive aspergillosis and other rare mold infections, which is developed by F2G. Currently olorofim is in a Phase 2b open-label study and Phase 3 randomized study.
On 2 June 2021, SCYNEXIS which is a biotechnology company focused on innovative medicines to prevent and overcome difficult-to-treat and drug-resistant fungal infections, was granted approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for BREXAFEMME (ibrexafungerp tablets) for oral use in patients diagnosed with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC). BREXAFEMME represents the first and only oral non-azole treatment for vaginal yeast infections. Leveraging 14 years of patent protections, SCYNEXIS is expected to move forward with its pipeline of ibrexafungerp indications for creation of a long-lasting antifungal franchise in both hospital and community settings.
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Some Key Highlights From the Report
The azoles segment accounted for a significant revenue share in 2021. Azoles inhibit synthesis of ergosterol, which is a critical component in fungal cell membrane owing to high utilization for treatment of fungal infections of body and skin, thereby driving revenue growth of this segment. In addition, high demand for ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole for increasing clinical uses for fungal infections, such as Candidiemia, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, and Coccidioidomycosis, among others, is one of the key factors contributing to growth of this segment.
The dermatophytosis segment accounted for largest revenue share in 2021. Increasing incidence of dermatophytosis cases, which has contagious properties to spread from point of contact and also from animal to human is driving revenue growth of this segment. Moisture and warm conditions is a major factor for rising incidences of dermatophytosis in tropical countries, in addition to sweating, owing to outdoor physical activities in hot humid weather and unhygienic environment.
The topical segment accounted for a significant revenue share in 2021. Provision of targeting site of infection, reduction in risk of systemic side effects, better efficacy of treatment, and increase patient compliance are some of major key factors driving revenue growth of this segment.
Online pharmacies segment is expected to register significant growth rate over the forecast period owing to easy accessibility of over-the-counter drugs for treatment. Moreover, growth of this segment is further supported by increased access to online services & faster growth in the number of internet users.
The Asia Pacific market is expected to register a significant growth rate over the forecast period owing to emergence of pharmaceutical companies, increase in collaborations in pharmaceutical industries in countries such as India, South Korea, and rise in hospital-oriented fungal infections are primary factors driving revenue growth of the market in region. Growing population in countries, such as China and India with increasing disposable income, is contributing to growth of the market.
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Emergen Research has segmented the global antifungal drugs market based on drug type, indication analysis, route of administration, distribution channel, and region:
Drug Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019-2030)
Azoles
Polyenes
Echinocandins
Allylamines
Indication Analysis Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019-2030)
Dermatophytosis
Candidiasis
Aspergillosis
Others
Route of Administration Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019-2030)
Distribution Channel Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019-2030)
Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2019-2030)
North America
U.S.
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Rest of APAC
Latin America
Brazil
Rest of LATAM
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
UAE
South Africa
Turkey
Rest of Middle East & Africa
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Could Climate Change Bring On A Dangerous, Incurable Fungus?
Experts have long known that the inside of the human body is too warm for most fungal infections, which is a blessing, because these pathogens can be tenacious and deadly. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about 7,200 people died from fungal infections in 2021, most of them very sick people who contracted opportunistic fungal infections. But what if Earth's rising temperature leads to a dangerous, incurable fungus that can survive inside an increasing number of humans?
In other words, could climate change spur a fungal apocalypse?
Candida auris is one of the leading opportunistic fungal infections. Scientists believe it emerged around 2009 as a result of Earth's overall changing climate; they were surprised by how deadly it is, and how it's seemingly resistant to many antifungal medications. People in hospitals are especially vulnerable, for the same reasons staph infections and even Covid are able to spread so quickly in hospitals and nursing homes.
More From Popular Mechanics
It seems Candida auris emerged as the result of a one-time shift in the climate that "unleashed" it in some way. For other fungi, their natural outdoor environments will shift because a larger or smaller overall area will now be the temperature they've always needed to thrive.
Illustration of thick-walled arthroconidia and arthrospores from the fungus Coccidioides immitis. This fungus is found in desert and semi-arid regions, and is endemic to the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and South America. C. Immitis is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever. The route of infection is almost always pulmonary, by inhalation of the spores. Agricultural workers are particularly at risk. Symptoms include a cough, chest pain, fever, rash and fatigue.
Getty ImagesThat means climate change will also continue to increase the range of fungal infections in the wild. Such infections are usually not deadly for an average person or someone who seeks prompt treatment, but they can be deadly to vulnerable populations in the same way Candida auris is. Healthy people can also pick them up and get sick just being out in the world.
The leading candidate for a climate-driven opportunistic fungal infection is Valley fever, caused by the fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, which grow in hot, dry places in California and Nevada. But as climate change shifts the temperatures in other states, cases of Valley fever are increasing in new places, meaning doctors should consider the fungal infection as they diagnose patients with similar symptoms, like cough and fever.
Surviving Extreme Environments
To understand why the fungi that cause Valley fever are spreading outside their endemic locales, it's important to understand how fungi, at large, survive extreme environments.
The fungus kingdom is enormous and robust, with 144,000 species that include mildews, yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. There are also a number of other "fungus-like" organisms, like slime molds and the mycobacterium genus of disease-causing bacteria. Fungi are extremely adaptable and durable, and they're found in virtually every environment on Earth in some form. In Antarctica, fungi that typically live on trees are found on rare remnants from human expeditions. In the very hot, very dry southwestern United States, they cause Valley fever. In Chernobyl, they eat radiation.
With all that in mind, it's a wonder there isn't already a dangerous, incurable fungus; how would climate change make much of a difference? For one thing, consider that fungi will probably colonize Mars before we do. But like the highly specialized finch species of the Galapagos Islands, fungi adapt to these specific, extreme environments over long periods of time. The tradeoffs in one trait over another mean that a desert fungus would probably die out in another environment, because it's become so highly specialized. Fungi are made of delicate filaments, and even digest their food outside of their cellular bodies before sucking in the resulting nutrients. They're as vulnerable to small environmental changes as anything else.
The inside of the human body is typically far too hot for a fungal pathogen, but the outside of our bodies can house all kinds of fungal infections. Athlete's foot is probably one of the most common, caused by fungi that live in moist environments that are not at either temperature extreme. Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection that can discolor the skin. Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by a fungus that can enter the skin if it's pricked by a rose thorn, or sit on skin's surface after touching infected plant matter or even armadillos. (Armadillos also carry leprosy's mycobacteria! Pathogens love this one weird animal.)
And a fungus can make it inside your body, too, especially if it's the kind that produces free-floating spores that may be inhaled. The lungs are inside the hot human body, but they're actually key to its self-cooling mechanism, because they're constantly pulling in drier, typically much cooler outside air and using it to cool passing blood. Yes, the body is like an air conditioner or even the heater in your car. That all means the lungs are cooler and more susceptible to fungus than the rest of the body, just like the feet and the surface of the skin.
Adapting to the Heat
As the world heats up, there will be more and more areas where the outside temperature is no longer so different from the temperature inside the human body. Scientists believe this could both increase the range of existing hot-weather fungi—like the ones that cause Valley fever—and also induce other fungi to adapt to their surroundings until they are comfortable in the range of human body temperature. Scientists don't yet understand the conditions where Coccidioides fungi thrive the most, but the range where Valley fever is reported most covers much of the hot, dry southwestern United States. The fungus is found in the soil and inhaled as spores.
Picture of the yeast candida auris in a petri dish, Wuerzburg University, Germany, January 23, 2018. There has been a recent rise of cases in Germany of seriously ill patients becoming infected with the dangerous yeast.
Getty ImagesValley fever has historically been isolated to Arizona and California, but NBC reported earlier this year that cases have expanded into other states, and will likely continue to grow throughout the entire western United States. The fungus does not have to change or adapt in order to increase its range, because climate change will "adapt" its geographical area instead. More and more places will hit record high temperatures and experience drought conditions where Valley fever-causing fungi can thrive.
The disease, itself, is not an incurable fungus, but treating it can be very difficult and take a long time. More importantly, if Valley fever is not on the radar of a doctor trying to treat what may look like a respiratory infection or even cancer, the delay in treatment can allow the fungus to entrench for a much longer period of time or even the rest of the patient's life. As some fungi become resistant to antifungal medications, it's more important than ever to seek treatment early.
✅ Like those with long Covid, people with Valley fever may develop postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a lifelong condition of the nervous system. POTS is not dangerous on its own, causing more discomfort than anything else; but people with POTS may injure themselves if the condition makes them faint.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says up to 10 percent of people with Valley fever experience long-term effects in their lungs—like long Covid, but for Valley fever. They may develop lung complications that last for years, and the disease can be a gateway to less understood, opportunistic conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Those long-term effects can prove to be deadly, but if doctors are more aware of Valley fever in other locations, that will probably help.
Caroline Delbert is a writer, avid reader, and contributing editor at Pop Mech. She's also an enthusiast of just about everything. Her favorite topics include nuclear energy, cosmology, math of everyday things, and the philosophy of it all.
What Is Tinea Manuum?
Tinea is commonly known as ringworm, a fungal infection that can be found anywhere on the body. It gets its name because of the circular rash it causes. The name of the infection is determined by where it's at on the body. In the case of tinea manuum, the word manuum means the infection is on the hands.
Also known "dermatophytosis," tinea can appear almost anywhere and, as stated, its location determines its name. Common occurrences of ringworm have more familiar names.
For example, ringworm on the feet is referred to as "athlete's foot." Ringworm of the groin, inner thighs, or buttocks is called " jock itch." Ringworm of the hands, tinea manuum, is sometimes referred to as "athlete's hand".
Ringworm on your body, including your hands, typically include the following symptoms:
It may be hard to detect ringworm on your hands. The symptoms can mimic eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, or dryness.
If tinea manuum goes untreated, symptoms can worsen. Your skin can crack and blister, which can lead to bacterial infections.
Around 40 types of fungus can cause ringworm. They thrive in warm, humid environments. You're more at risk for getting ringworm if you live in tropical areas that experience humid summers or spend time in humid spaces like locker rooms or indoor pools.
Along with a humid environment, you may be more at risk for getting ringworm if you:
The primary way you can get ringworm is through contact with something carrying the fungus, including:
You can even spread ringworm to other parts of your body. One of the common causes of tinea manuum is when you have tinea pedis on your foot and you scratch it with your bare hand.
It's rare for ringworm to spread below the skin's surface. If you have a severely weakened immune system, it can be harder to be clear of infection.
Your doctor can perform a simple physical exam. However, since tinea manuum can be harder to determine, your doctor may take skin scrapings to look at under a microscope.
Depending on the type of infection, your doctor may recommend a culture. This is when they examine a skin sample to determine the type of fungus that's growing.
Common infections like athlete's foot and jock itch are easier to treat than scalp or nail infections. Typically, athlete's hand can be treated with over-the-counter topical antifungal treatments. These include ointments and creams.
Severe infections may not go away with OTC treatments. If this occurs, your doctor may recommend prescription oral antifungal medications.
Treatment may provide instant relief. But it's important to continue treatment as labeled or recommended by your doctor. This will more thoroughly get rid of the infection and prevent it from coming back.
You can prevent getting tinea manuum and spreading it to others by minding your daily habits. Here are a few things you can do.
Don't share with others. To prevent infecting other people, avoid sharing personal items. If you need to, disinfect the items if you can.
Treat every infection. If you have ringworm in multiple places, proper treatment is important. You need to treat every area at the same time. Improper treatment can lead to a secondary infection of ringworm.
Wash your hands frequently. Tinea manuum can spread to other areas if not treated and managed. Washing your hands frequently will keep the fungus from spreading.
Dress light. Avoid layers and thick clothing in humid weather. Wear loose cotton clothes to promote an environment that won't support fungus. Similarly, avoid sweating too much. If that's not a possibility, regular showering may be beneficial.
Keep shared areas clean. Shared areas such as gyms, schools, and locker rooms can easily spread ringworm fungus. For athletes, keeping your gear clean and showering after wearing it will keep fungus growth to a minimum.
Fully dry after bathing. Before throwing on your clothes for the day, make sure your skin is fully dried. Towel dry, air dry, and use a hairdryer on cool to make sure your skin is dried before putting clothes on.
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