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9 Types Of Viral Rashes—and What To Know About Each

A viral rash is a skin condition that can occur when you contract a viral infection. Rashes from viral infections can affect you at any age and may cause a series of bumps or spots that may itch, burn, or change color—depending on the exact infection you have. Some of the more well-known types of viral rashes include chickenpox, rubella, and measles. Fortunately, your rash symptoms often go away as you gradually recover from the infection.

Several viral infections can lead to skin rashes. Each rash can look different and cause its own unique set of symptoms. Here are some of the most common types. Chickenpox Chickenpox occurs as a result of the varicella-zoster virus and causes an itchy rash that can look like red spots that turn into fluid-filled blisters. This infection is part of the herpes virus family—and the same virus causes shingles in adults. Due to the prevalence of the chickenpox vaccine, it's often rare to contract this illness today. Courtesy of Dermnet Measles Measles—a highly contagious disease that occurs when you contract the measles virus—appears as a red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads downward. It's common to also experience fever, cough, and runny nose when you have measles. You can develop this infection when you are in close contact with someone who has the condition. Specifically, the germs of an infected person can pass on to you when they sneeze or cough. If you do not have the measles vaccine (also called the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella), you have a 90% chance of developing the infection if you are exposed to someone who has measles. However, if you had measles before or received the vaccine, you are protected against the illness and are significantly less likely to develop symptoms. Courtesy of Dermnet Rubella Rubella, also known as German measles, looks like a pinkish-red rash that begins on the face or behind the ears and spreads to your body. This infection can also cause mild fever, a runny nose, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. Generally, the rash resolves on its own within one to three days. Healthcare providers typically consider this infection to be mild. However, if you are in the early stages of your pregnancy, rubella can pose significant risks. Contracting rubella during the initial four months of pregnancy substantially increases the likelihood of severe birth defects in your unborn child. Courtesy of Dermnet Fifth Disease Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19 that primarily affects children. How intense this infection is can fluctuate. However, symptoms typically subside within seven to ten days. This infection can look like a "slapped cheek", causing a pink or red rash on a child's face. A lacy, red rash can also develop on the body and limbs, leading to mild discomfort. The rash may also cause itching, particularly on the soles of the feet. Courtesy of Dermnet Roseola Roseola is linked to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and HHV-7. This virus starts with a high fever and eventually causes a pinkish-red rash consisting of small, raised bumps on the skin. The rash typically starts on the trunk of the body before spreading to the limbs and face. Most people who develop roseola are children between three months and four years of age. Courtesy of Dermnet Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) occurs when you come into close contact with someone who has the infection. This can happen when you are exposed to germs when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose near you. This virus is most contagious during the first week of illness. Oftentimes, symptoms of HFMD develop three to five days after exposure and can last up to seven to ten days. During this time, you may experience a fever, sore throat, loss of appetite, and a rash that looks like tender or painful small blisters on the hands, feet, and diaper area. It's also common for sores or ulcerations in the mouth, throat, and tongue to develop. Courtesy of Dermnet Shingles Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection that occurs due to the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus—the same virus responsible for chickenpox. This reactivation results in a painful rash that typically appears as a band or stripe of fluid-filled blisters on one side of the body, often wrapping around the torso. When you have shingles, it's also common to experience a burning or tingling sensation or extreme sensitivity in the affected area. Over the course of 14 to 21 days, the blisters gradually crust over and heal. While the rash itself may subside within a few weeks, some people may experience nerve pain, known as postherpetic neuralgia, which can persist for months or even years after the rash has healed. Courtesy of Dermnet Zika Virus You can develop the Zika virus through mosquito bites and having sex with someone who has the infection. Pregnant people can also pass the virus to their babies during childbirth. As a result of the virus, you may experience a rash that looks flat or slightly raised and causes small red or pink spots on your body. Many people who contract the Zika virus can also experience fever, joint pain, muscle aches, headache, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). These symptoms can last for a few days to a week. Pregnant people and those planning to become pregnant should take special precautions to avoid Zika virus exposure, as this infection can increase the risk of birth defects in babies born to a birth parent who has the infection during pregnancy. Courtesy of Dermnet Molloscum Contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum is highly contagious and can spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, as well as by touching contaminated objects. This viral skin infection results in the formation of small, round, raised bumps on the skin. These bumps, called "Mollusca," are typically smooth and firm, flesh-colored or pearly, and can grow as large as a pencil eraser. Generally, bumps appear anywhere on the body. This infection tends to occur for a longer period of time than other viral rashes. The bumps typically resolve in six to 12 months but can take up to four years to heal. Courtesy of Dermnet While there are several types of infections that can cause a viral rash, each virus can produce its own subset of symptoms. Depending on the infection you have, you might experience: Chickenpox: Itchy red spots, fluid-filled blisters that crust over, bumps that start on the face before spreading Measles: Red and blotchy rash that starts on the face, fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and small white spots in the mouth Rubella: Pinkish-red rash that starts on the face, mild fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint pain Fifth disease: Redness on the cheeks, lacy rash on the body and limbs, mild fever, headache, and fatigue Roseola: A rash that appears pink or red and starts on the trunk before spreading to other body parts, high fever before the rash develops, and mild respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Sores and blisters on the hands, feet, mouth, and butt, fever, sore throat, malaise (or, a general feeling of being unwell), and difficulty eating or drinking due to painful sores in the mouth Shingles: Painful fluid-filled blisters, discomfort on or near the rash site, and a burning, itching, or tingling sensation Zika virus: Small and flat red or pink spots that start on the face, fever, joint pain, headache, and redness in the eyes Molluscum contagiosum: Small, round, and raised bumps, sores that are flesh-colored or appear pearly, and bumps that occur in clusters and feel itchy Knowing how viral infections spread is important so you can understand how to prevent contracting these viruses and developing rash symptoms. The cause of each viral infection can differ. Here's a breakdown of what causes each infection and how the infection spreads: Infection Cause How It Spreads Chickenpox Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Direct contact with someone who has the infection and being exposed to germs that can spread when they sneeze, cough, or blow their nose Measles Measles virus, also known as paramyxovirus Germs from an infected person who coughs or sneezes near you  Rubella Rubella virus Coming into close contact with someone who has the infection Fifth disease Parvovirus B19 Exposure to someone who has the virus and direct contact with their germs after they sneeze, cough, or talk Roseola  Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) Close proximity to someone who has the virus Hand, foot, and mouth disease Coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 Having close contact with an infected person's saliva, feces, or fluid from the blisters Shingles Reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in adulthood Being near someone who has the virus, especially if you aren't vaccinated or didn't have chickenpox as a child Zika virus  A virus from the Flavivirus genus, a family of mosquitos that carry Zika Getting bit by a mosquito, having sex with someone who has the virus, and passing the virus on to your baby while you're pregnant Molluscum contagiosum A type of poxvirus known as the molluscum contagiosum virus Skin-to-skin contact with someone with the virus or contaminated objects If you develop a rash, it's a good idea to contact your healthcare provider to learn what may be causing your symptoms. Your healthcare provider will likely ask you about your medical history and perform a physical exam (or, ask you to send photos of your rash if your appointment is via telehealth) to learn more about your rash. In many cases, your provider can make a diagnosis based on what your rash looks like. But, they may also work with an infectious disease specialist or a dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in the skin) if the cause of your rash is unclear. During your appointment, you can expect your provider to ask you the following questions: When did the rash first appear? On which areas of your body do you have the rash? Have you introduced any new skincare products, detergents, creams, or makeup to your skin lately? Where have you recently traveled to? Did you recently come into any contact with ticks or insect bites? Are there unfamiliar foods you ate? Do you have any other symptoms that are accompanying your rash? In addition to taking your medical history, your healthcare provider may also order the following tests to learn more about your infection: Skin scrapings Allergy testing Blood tests Skin biopsy Depending on the type of viral rash you have, your healthcare provider can offer specific recommendations to clear up your symptoms. Generally, self-care is the most common treatment option. Before trying at-home treatments, talk to your provider to see if home remedies are safe. Most rashes will eventually resolve on their own over time. In the meantime, your healthcare provider may recommend the following treatment methods: Refrain from rubbing or scratching your skin Opt for mild cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners Avoid applying cosmetic products directly onto the rash Use lukewarm water for cleansing Gently pat dry your body after showering instead of harshly rubbing with a towel Stop using new lotions or cosmetics that may have caused your symptoms Allow the affected area to breathe by keeping it uncovered, if possible Use calamine-medicated lotion, petroleum jelly, or anti-ich lotion Try over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone cream or use a stronger formula that you can receive via prescription from your provider You can prevent viral rash symptoms through proper vaccination. It is important to ensure that you are up-to-date on vaccinations to prevent contracting and spreading contagious viruses. This is especially true for children, pregnant people, and travelers going outside of the country. Some rash-causing viruses that have vaccines available include: Chickenpox Measles Rubella Shingles If you work in schools or in areas where infections can easily spread, the following strategies can also limit the spreading of some viruses: Frequent handwashing Disinfecting surfaces Ensuring good ventilation in the building Avoiding close contact with people who are sick Covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough There are many potential complications that can come from many rash-causing viruses. You may be at risk of experiencing complications if you are not vaccinated for certain infections or do not seek treatment when you develop symptoms. Complications tend to vary depending on the exact infection you have but may include: Chickenpox: Joint pain and swelling, viral pneumonia, and Reyes syndrome (which affects the liver, blood, and brain) Measles: Ear infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis (brain swelling) Rubella: Birth defects if you contract the infection during pregnancy Fifth Disease: Severe anemia (or, low production of red blood cells in your body) Roseola: Fever and seizures in young children Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Dehydration due to difficulty swallowing Shingles: Persistent nerve pain even after the rash has healed Zika virus: Neurological (brain-related) abnormalities and birth defects in a developing fetus if you develop the virus during pregnancy Molluscum contagiosum: Increased risk of having a repeat infection A rash on your skin can often be a symptom of an underlying viral infection. If you contract a virus, it's also common to experience accompanying symptoms such as a fever, headache, muscle discomfort, joint pain, or swollen lymph nodes. Many viral rashes start on the torso or facial area and often extend to other body regions. Each rash can look different—depending on the exact infection that is causing your symptoms. You may notice raised areas, redness, dots or bumps, itchy patches of skin, and blisters that are filled with fluid. A variety of infections can cause a viral rash, such as measles, chickenpox, and shingles. Fortunately, rashes tend to go away when your infection starts to heal. In most cases, your symptoms may subside without any treatment. However, if you are concerned about your condition, it's good practice to see your provider and ask for treatment recommendations and at-home remedies that can improve your symptoms and speed up the healing process. 21 Sources Health.Com uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Molluscum contagiosum. MedlinePlus. Chickenpox. MedlinePlus. Measles. InformedHealth.Org. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). Rubella (German measles): Overview. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. Fifth disease. MedlinePlus. Roseola. MedlinePlus. Hand-foot-mouth disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hand,foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) symptoms. MedlinePlus. Shingles. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika virus overview. Cerbino-Neto J, Mesquita E, Souza TL, et al. Clinical Manifestations of Zika Virus Infection, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(7):1318-1320. Doi:10.3201/eid2207.160375. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Molluscum Contagiosum - Transmission. MedlinePlus. Rubella. MedlinePlus. Rashes. American Academy of Dermatology Association. How to care for a child with chickenpox. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines & immunizations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines and preventable diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Early care and education portal. Prevention and control or infectious diseases. MedlinePlus. Reye Syndrome. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles (rubeola) complications. MedlinePlus. Fifth disease.

Bacterial And Viral Rashes

Many childhood diseases have bacterial or viral causes and may come with a rash. As study continues and more and more vaccines become available, these diseases become less of a threat to your child's long-term health. However, a rash of any kind should be taken seriously and may require a trip to the doctor's office for evaluation.

A virus called varicella-zoster causes chickenpox, a very contagious disease. Although it is rarely a serious disease to otherwise healthy children, the symptoms last about 2 weeks and can make the child very uncomfortable. In addition, chickenpox can be a serious illness in people with weak immune systems, such as newborns, people on chemotherapy for cancer, people taking steroids, pregnant women, the elderly, or those with HIV. A safe and effective vaccine is now available to children ages 1 and older to prevent chickenpox. It takes up to 21 days to develop chickenpox after being exposed to the virus by inhaling infected droplets from coughs or sneezes or by coming in direct contact with the lesions on an infected person with chickenpox or from someone with shingles.

Symptoms

The symptoms of chickenpox often begins with a very itchy rash, which first appears on the scalp, chest, back and face then spreads to the rest of the body.

The rash begins as an area of redness with a small, superficial blister in the center. The blister eventually ruptures with some possible drainage, and the lesion will then form a crust.

Other associated symptoms include fever, malaise, sore throat, and red eyes. Fever and malaise may precede the rash in some cases.

Treatment

The virus is spread primarily from the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth of the child, but the rash itself is also contagious. The child remains contagious and cannot go to school or daycare until the last lesion has appeared and is fully crusted over.

No therapy treats chickenpox once it has begun, but your doctor can provide prescriptions and advice to help with the discomfort and the itching.

Never give aspirin to a child in general but especially one with chickenpox. A deadly disease called Reye's syndrome has been associated with children taking aspirin, especially if they have chickenpox. Be sure to check the contents of any other over-the-counter medications for aspirin or salicylates because these are often found mixed with over-the-counter cold medications.

Chickenpox can occasionally affect the cornea, the clear front portion of the eye. If your child develops chickenpox on the tip of the nose  it is usually a precursor to having the eyes infected. See your doctor immediately.

See a doctor immediately also if your child develops lesions in the genital regions internally or inside of the mouth.

A paramyxovirus causes the measles , which is also highly contagious. A safe and effective vaccine is available to prevent this disease, but outbreaks in people who have not been adequately vaccinated still happen.

Symptoms

The disease usually begins with nasal congestion, eye redness, swelling and tearing, cough, lethargy, and high fever. Another rash consisting of white spots inside the mouth may also develop.

On the third or fourth day of the illness, the child will develop a red rash on the face, which spreads rapidly and lasts about 7 days.

Treatment

Once the disease begins, no medication treats measles. However, your doctor may offer treatments to care for cough, eye symptoms, and fever. Aspirin products cannot be used as they can cause a life-threatening condition called Reye's syndrome.

Some children develop secondary bacterial infections of the middle ear, sinuses, lung and neck lymph nodes. These can be treated with antibiotics.  In severe cases, encephalitis may develop. 

Children who have measles appear quite ill and are miserable, but the illness usually gets better without lasting ill effects within 7-10 days after symptoms start.

You can prevent your child from getting measles by making sure they receive the recommended vaccinations. The measles vaccine is part of the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine given at age 12-15 months and repeated at age 4-6 years.

Rubella is a much milder disease in children that's also caused by a virus (rubivirus). Symptoms may begin 14-21 days after exposure to the virus. If contracted in the womb, rubella is a much more serious disease, causing deafness, heart abnormalities, eye problems, retardation, and other conditions in the newborn.

Symptoms in children

Rubella begins with a pink/red rash on the face then spreads to the rest of the body and gets better in about 4 days.

Your child does not appear to be very ill but may develop swollen lymph nodes in the neck, especially behind the ears.

Prevention

Rubella is also easily prevented with an effective vaccine (the MMR).

Rubella can be very serious to an unborn child if the mother develops rubella early in her pregnancy. All women of childbearing age should have their immune status verified.

Scarlet fever is strep throat with a rash. The throat infection is caused by streptococcal bacteria. It is most commonly seen in school-aged children in the winter and early spring, but it can occur in individuals of any age and in any season. It is very contagious, especially from saliva transmission. The risk of transmission can be decreased with good hand washing.

The rash is not serious, but serious complications can occur from the underlying strep throat infection. The most worrisome of these is rheumatic fever, a serious disease that can damage the heart valves and cause long-term heart disease.

Symptoms

The child's symptoms begin with sore throat (which can be mild), fever, headache, abdominal pain, and swollen glands in the neck.

After 1-2 days of these symptoms, the child develops a rash on the body that is red like sunburn and has a sandpaper texture. The skin folds in the neck, armpits, elbows, groin and knees are usually a deeper red color compared to the overall rash. After 7-14 days, the rash sloughs off and peeling is usually present.

The face may look very flushed, but the skin around the mouth appears normal or pale.

The tongue can look like a strawberry-red with bumps.

Treatment

Streptococcal bacteria is treated with antibiotics.

Have your child seen by your doctor immediately if you suspect he or she has strep throat or scarlet fever.

Your child will require a full course of antibiotics, which should be completed even if your child is feeling better before he or she completes the course.

Your child may return to school  24 hours after starting the antibiotics if the fever has resolved and he or she is feeling better.

Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum or "slapped cheeks" disease, is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19) spread via respiratory secretions such as coughs, sneezes, saliva, or nasal mucus. This disease tends to occur in the winter and spring but can happen year-round.

Symptoms

The child initially feels ill and tired; then a rash appears. The rash is characterized by bright red cheeks (the symptom inspiring the name slapped cheeks disease). The rash is warm, nontender, and sometimes itchy.

In 1-2 days a lacy rash spreads throughout the body. The rash appears to fade when the skin is cool, but with a warm bath or with activity, the rash becomes more pronounced. Once the rash appears, the child is no longer contagious.

Treatment

Fifth disease is not serious in otherwise healthy children but can pose a serious problem for children with sickle cell anemia, leukemia, or AIDS.

The disease can also cause problems in the unborn fetus of pregnant women.

Because the child is contagious only before the rash appears, children who develop the rash are free to return to day care or school.

Roseola is also called exanthem subitum and is a common childhood illness caused by the human herpesvirus 6 or 7. The disease usually occurs in children younger than 4 years.

Symptoms

The symptoms are a high, spiking fever for typically 3-4 days followed by the onset of a rash.

The rash is small, pink, flat, or slightly raised lesions that appear on the trunk and spread to the neck and arms, and sometimes then to the face and legs.

The rash appears after the fevers begin to abate. This illness is many times referred to as "fever, fever, fever...Rash".

Treatment

Despite the worrisome fever, the disease is not harmful and gets better without specific therapy. Fever can be managed with acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

The fever, especially if it rises rapidly, may result in a "febrile" seizure in susceptible children. Consult your health care provider if you have any concerns about a seizure.

The enteroviruses, including the coxsackieviruses, are a very common cause of fever and rash in children. Two typical diseases caused by coxsackieviruses are hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina. Coxsackievirus infections are more common in the summer and autumn.

Symptoms

In hand-foot-and-mouth disease, the children develop fever and rash. The rash includes blisters to the mouth and tongue and to the hands and the feet.

Herpangina (not caused by a "herpes" virus) causes a fever, sore throat, and painful blisters or ulcers on the back of the mouth that cause difficulty swallowing. Children may also have loss of appetite, abdominal pain, headaches, and joint pain.

Treatment

No specific treatment is available except acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for fever. Aspirin and aspirin-like products should ALWAYS be avoided in children as it can cause a life-threatening condition called Reye's syndrome.

Make sure the child is well hydrated since pain in the mouth and throat can lead to less liquid intake and dehydration.

The diseases are not harmful but can be prevented with good hand washing and not eating off someone else's plate or sharing straws.

Impetigo is a superficial skin infection with streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria. It is often found around the nose and mouth but can occur anywhere. The rash is more common in the warmer months. It can also include infection of skin that has been damaged.

Symptoms

Impetigo begins as small superficial blisters that rupture leaving red, open patches of skin.

Often a honey-colored crust forms over this rash.

The rash is sometimes itchy.

Impetigo is also highly contagious. A child can spread the infection to other parts of their own body or to other people.

Treatment

This infection of the skin is easily treated with topical or oral antibiotics and washing the skin with antibacterial soap.

Your child usually is no longer contagious after 2-3 days of therapy, and the rash begins to heal in 3-5 days.

If the rash does not show signs of healing by the third day of treatment, or if it continues to spread while on therapy, your child needs to be seen by your doctor.

When the impetigo occurs in conjunction with poison ivy or scabies, your child may benefit from an anti-itch medication while the antibiotics are taking effect.

Because children often share many things and are less likely to take cleanliness precautions than adults, parasites and fungal infections can spread quickly through a day care or your child's class at school. Pay attention to any prolonged itching or hair loss your child might experience.

Scabies

Scabies is an itchy rash that is often worsened with bathing or at night. It is caused by a mite, a very small insect (Sarcoptes scabiei) that burrows beneath the top layer of skin. It is spread by close bodily contact such as sleeping together or sharing of clothing. It can also be sexually transmitted. Mites can survive for several days in clothes, bedding, and dust.

Symptoms

The rash starts about 2 weeks after your child has come into contact with the mite.

The itchy rash of scabies tends to be found between the fingers, in the armpits, and on the inner wrists and arms. It tends to spare the head, palms, and soles except in infants and with severe infestations.

Sometimes you can see the wavy pattern where the mite has burrowed.

Treatment

To prevent scabies, good hygiene, frequent hand washing, and not sharing clothing with friends is important.

If your child has an itchy rash that lasts for more than 2-3 days, he or she should be checked by a doctor.

Prescription medications are available to kill the mites and to decrease the allergic skin reactions of swelling and itch.

Once anyone in the family is diagnosed with scabies, everyone in the home should be treated for mite infestation.

All clothing and bedding must be washed in hot water and the mattresses vacuumed.

Ringworm

Ringworm is a local infection of the skin with a fungus, usually Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouinii, orTrichophyton tonsurans. Doctors refer to these infections as "tinea" with several forms such as tinea corporis (ringworm on the body) and tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). Although the 2 are caused by the same organisms, they are treated differently. Ringworm can be caught from friends (exchanging combs, brushes, or hats) or from household pets. If you think your child may have ringworm, you should see your doctor.

Symptoms

With tinea corporis, the lesion starts as a red, slightly scaly, oval that gets bigger over time.

The rash may be slightly itchy.

The center of the rash may clear and appear to be normal skin.

Tinea capitis usually starts with a round to oval area on the scalp with hair loss

Sometimes, the area of the scalp will swell and may ooze. This is called a kerion and is a reaction of the body to the tinea fungus.

Tinea capitis may also present as normal-to-severe dandruff with hairless patches on the scalp.

Treatment

Tinea corporis can easily be treated with topical medications available from your doctor.

Unfortunately, it can be easily spread among family members and friends, making multiple unwanted return visits.

Good hygiene combined with appropriate therapy can break this cycle.

If complications such as a secondary bacterial skin infection occurs,or there is no improvement after four weeks, call your doctor.

Tinea capitis requires an oral medication from your doctor.

Athlete's Foot

Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is also caused by a fungal infection of the skin.

Symptoms

A very itchy rash between the toes is usually caused by athlete's foot.

Treatment

Although athlete's foot can be treated with over-the-counter medications, other causes of rash can appear similar. It is best to have your child checked by the doctor if you suspect athlete's foot.

These Pictures Will Help You Figure Out What That Weird Rash On Your Skin Is

26 Pictures Of Common Skin RashesBSIP/UIG - Getty Images

Picture this: You're going about your day, when all of a sudden you spot a red, splotchy rash on your skin. You're likely Googling pictures of skin rashes to help identify and self-diagnose the exact cause. Because whether it's itchy, inflamed, or painful, irritated skin can be downright worrisome and uncomfortable. Luckily, browsing pictures of pesky patches is actually not a bad way to help determine the culprit.

A rash occurs when the skin becomes red, inflamed, and bumpy, and should not be ignored, says Faranak Kamangar, MD, a dermatologist, psoriasis specialist, and founder of PSOTelehealth. In fact, rashes are usually a sign that something is going on with your body, whether from a bacteria, virus, irritant, medication, or autoimmune disease, she says.

That said, many rashes look alike, and it's important to consider additional symptoms like itching, swelling, joint pain, headache, fever, fatigue, or nausea, adds Geeta Yadav, MD, a dermatologist and founder of FACET Dermatology.

Meet the experts: Faranak Kamangar, MD, is a dermatologist, psoriasis specialist, and founder of PSOTelehealth.

Geeta Yadav, MD, is a dermatologist and founder of FACET Dermatology.

Michael Jacobs, MD, is a dermatologist and associate professor of dermatology at Weill Cornell Medical College and medical technology director at Cortina.

Leah Ansell, MD, is a dermatologist at Treiber Dermatology Associates.

Purvi Parikh, MD, is an allergist and immunologist for Allergy & Asthma Network.

Read on for everything you need to know about 26 common skin rashes, according to doctors.

Common Causes Of Skin Rashes

The most common causes of skin rashes are dermatitis (inflamed skin), psoriasis, acne, and rosacea, says Dr. Yadav. However, insect bites, fungal infections, impetigo, and shingles are also extremely common, adds Michael Jacobs, MD, a dermatologist and associate professor of dermatology at Weill Cornell Medical College and medical technology director at Cortina.

You may also present a rash after coming in contact with a direct exposure to an outside irritant like chemicals, perfumes or detergents, allergens like poison ivy, or organisms like fleas, scabies, or ringworm, adds Purvi Parikh, MD, an allergist and immunologist for Allergy & Asthma Network.

Luckily, most of these rashes can be identified, treated, and managed with a proper diagnosis and medication.

How To Identify Your Skin Rash

If your skin is suddenly red and splotchy, make note of the location, size, color, texture, and whether it's raised or flat on the skin, says Leah Ansell, MD, a dermatologist at Treiber Dermatology Associates. You should also consider any accompanying symptoms such as itching, pain, swelling, or tenderness, and whether you've had recent exposure to a diagnosed rash (like from a friend or family member) or a change in environment or routine such as new medication, insects, and travel, adds Dr. Kamangar.

26 Pictures Of Skin Rashes Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a dry, red, weepy, crusty rash that appears patchy and oval shaped, says Dr. Parikh. The rash is extremely itchy and can turn dark purple, black, or gray on darker skin tones and is commonly found on the elbows and back of knees, she adds. The rash can also cause tenderness or swelling in the affected area.

Atopic dermatitis and eczema (more on this soon!) are closely related because atopic derm is a type of eczema, per UCF Health. In fact, atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema (out of seven different types), according to the National Eczema Association.

SBenitez - Getty Images

Acne

There are many different forms of acne which all have a distinct look, including small flesh-colored bumps or large, deep, painful, and inflamed nodules, says Dr. Yadav.

Some forms of acne can be treated at home by using products with ingredients like salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide, but severe cases may need prescription topicals or oral medications, notes Dr. Yadav.

Boy_Anupong - Getty Images

Athlete's foot

Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that looks like cracked, scaly, and peeling skin found between the toes, most commonly the fourth and fifth toes, although it can spread to other parts of your foot, says Dr. Yadav. It's very itchy and the cracks can ooze, she explains.

To treat athlete's foot, you'll have to wash and dry your feet several times a day using an antifungal cleanser and over-the-counter antifungal creams or topicals, says Dr. Yadav.

DermNet

Cellulitis

Cellulitis looks like a rash, but is actually an infection of the middle layer of skin, says Dr. Yadav. It causes the skin to become diffusely red, swollen, tender, and hot to the touch, and may make skin look pitted, she explains.

Cellulitis can also cause fever with chills, fatigue, or pain in the affected area and cannot be treated at home, so you should see a doctor ASAP if you present symptoms, says Dr. Yadav.

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Chicken Pox

Luckily, chicken pox is rarely seen these days thanks to a vaccine, but it can still happen and presents as red, itchy, fluid-filled blisters, says Dr. Ansell. The bumps can also appear dry and/or crusty and develop blotchy scabs.

The rash is accompanied by a fever, headache, stomachache, and fatigue, and can be very dangerous to those unvaccinated, adds Dr. Ansell.

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Contact Dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is when a dry, red, scaly rash that can also look like fluid-filled blisters or poison ivy appears from coming in contact with an irritant or allergen, says Dr. Parikh. The rash usually has a distinct border and may be caused by substances such as perfumes, detergents or even jewelry.

The itchy rash can develop within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen and can cause swelling, tenderness, or a burning sensation.

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Eczema

Eczema causes dry, rough, flaky, or scaly skin that can appear red, gray, brown, or purple, depending on the skin tone, says Dr. Yadav.

"It's an inflammatory skin condition that causes a dysfunctional skin barrier, which prevents the skin from staying hydrated and nourished and makes it more susceptible to external irritants," she explains.

The rash is itchy and clusters on the elbows and knees, but can appear anywhere on the body, and is exacerbated by cold, dry weather.

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Hand, Foot, And Mouth Disease

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by the Coxsackie virus and is usually seen in children under five, says Dr. Jacobs. It presents as sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet but is also typically accompanied by fever and sore throat, he explains.

The condition is highly contagious, most commonly seen in daycares and schools, and spreads through coughing, sneezing, exchange of saliva, fluid from the rash, and stool, says Dr. Jacobs.

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Flea Bites

Flea bites are usually seen on the lower legs around the ankles and feet, says Dr. Jacobs. The blisters are extremely itchy and often appear in a straight line or cluster of three to four small red bumps, he says.

Over-the-counter cortisone cream can help alleviate symptoms, but do not scratch or pick the lesions since that can cause further infection, Dr. Jacobs adds. If symptoms get worse or you have a fever, visit your doctor.

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Heat Rash

Heat rash looks like small clusters of tiny pimples or blisters and can be itchy and painful, says Dr. Yadav. The rash forms when a sweat pore is blocked, trapping the sweat, and preventing it from evaporating, she explains.

It's most common during hot, humid weather, and can make your skin feel prickly, but symptoms usually dissipate in a few days, says Dr. Yadav. If symptoms worsen, or you have trouble breathing, visit a doctor immediately.

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Hives

Hives are red raised welts that turn white when you press on them, says Dr. Parikh. They can range in size from small mosquito-like bites or develop into larger patches on the body, she adds.

Hives are caused by an allergen such as food, medications, or insects, and can cause swelling in lips and tongue, adds Dr. Parikh. If you experience shortness of breath, tongue swelling, or chest tightness, call 911.

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Impetigo

Impetigo is a common bacterial infection that causes red sores or blisters to form on the skin, usually around the mouth and nose, says Dr. Kamangar. The itchy sores may be pus-filled and can burst to form a yellow-brown crust over time, she explains.

The condition is caused by a bacterial infection, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and the bacteria enters the body through small cuts or scrapes on the skin, Dr. Kamangar explains. It's most common in children but can affect adults and is often accompanied by fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a general feeling of illness, she adds.

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Lupus

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that causes a red scaly rash on the cheeks and nose, says Dr. Parikh. In particular, the rash is characterized as looking like a butterfly across the face, she explains. Discoid lupus can also cause round, dark, circular lesions on the face or cheeks that are scaly and resemble coins or discs, she adds.

Additional symptoms may include muscle and/or joint pain, fever, hair loss, chest pain, mouth sores, or sun sensitivity, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

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Lyme Disease

Not every tick bite leads to Lyme disease, but if the bite expands into a red patch that is not scaly, it may signal you were infected with a blacklegged tick and infected with Lyme disease, says Dr. Ansell.

At first, Lyme disease may present with a fever, headache, fatigue, and joint or muscle stiffness, and symptoms typically present three to 30 days after the bite, per the Mayo Clinic. Again, if you think you may have Lyme disease, see your doctor.

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Measles

Thanks to a vaccine, measles is rarely seen these days, however it is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by a virus, says Dr. Ansell. It causes fever, cough, and red eyes that may be sore and sensitive to light, spots in the mouth, and a splotchy, red rash that appears on the face and ears, then spreads down the chest and back, she explains.

Measles can cause severe complications, especially in young people, so if you suspect you have the disease, or have been exposed to an infected person, visit your doctor immediately, per the CDC.

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Molluscum

Molluscum is a rash caused by the poxvirus and leads to small groups of bumps on the skin, says Dr. Jacobs. "The lesions are small, elevated, pink or flesh colored, and have a central dimple," he explains. The bumps can also become red, swollen, and inflamed, he adds.

The condition is passed through direct contact and the rash may spread to other parts of the body in those who are immunocompromised, says Dr. Jacobs.

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Perioral Dermatitis

Perioral dermatitis is a red rash that appears around your mouth and nose and causes red, inflamed, swollen bumps on the lower half of your face, says Dr. Parikh. The rash is very dry, itchy, and uncomfortable, and may be confused with acne, she adds.

Women ages 25 to 45 who use topical steroids and face creams are most likely to get this rash, though men can develop it, too, per Cleveland Clinic. Overuse of topical steroids is most likely the cause of perioral dermatitis, however, it may also be caused by candida albicans, a yeast, which is a type of fungus, Cleveland Clinic notes, adding that fluoridated toothpaste, gum, or hormonal contraceptives, can also cause flare-ups.

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Poison Ivy

Poison ivy is caused by skin contact with the poison ivy plant and looks like a red, blistering rash that's extremely itchy, says Dr. Yadav. You may also see swelling, blisters, or black dots on the skin from the oil that has oxidized on the surface, she adds.

If exposed to poison ivy, thoroughly rinse the affected area with soap and water, and if you have difficulty breathing, seek medical attention.

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Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes red, scaly patches, says Dr. Kamangar. These patches can occur anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back, and can be itchy or painful and may crack or bleed, she explains.

The exact cause is unknown, but psoriasis is believed to be related to an immune system malfunction that causes skin cells to grow too quickly, leading to the formation of the scaly patches, and may be triggered by stress, infections, or certain medications, explains Dr. Kamangar.

Other symptoms include joint pain, nail changes, and fatigue, she adds.

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Ringworm

Ringworm is a fungal infection that causes a red, itchy, circular rash on the skin with raised edges and a clear center, says Dr. Kamangar. The rash may be scaly, bumpy, or blistered, and can occur anywhere on the body.

Ringworm is more common in warm, humid climates and in people who have weakened immune systems, but other symptoms may include an itching, burning, or stinging sensation, and loss of hair in the affected area, she adds.

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Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that causes redness, flushing, and small bumps on the face that may be pus-filled, swollen, tender, [and] acne-like, says Dr. Kamangar. The rash can occur anywhere on the face but is most common on the cheeks, nose, and forehead, she adds.

"The exact cause of rosacea is not known, but it's believed to be related to an abnormal immune system response, and factors that may trigger or worsen rosacea include sunlight, stress, hot or cold weather, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine," notes Dr. Kamangar.

Other symptoms may include burning or stinging sensations, dry or rough skin, and visible blood vessels on the face, she explains. In severe cases, rosacea can cause thickening of the skin and eye problems such as dryness, itching, and sensitivity to light.

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Scabies

Scabies is an itchy rash that presents with linear burrows between the fingers and belly button, says Dr. Ansell. The rash appears discolored and splotchy, and the itching gets worse at night.

Scabies is caused by an infestation of mites and is highly contagious through skin-to-skin contact, so you should see a doctor immediately if symptoms present.

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Scarlet Fever

Scarlet fever is caused by a toxin produced by group A streptococcus (the bacteria that causes a strep throat infection) and presents as a rash on the face or neck, and spreads to the chest, torso, arms, and legs, says Dr. Jacobs.

The rash is red and patchy, but can also cause a sore throat, headache, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands, fatigue, muscle aches, and redness or swelling of the tongue and throat, he explains.

If you present symptoms, see your doctor immediately since serious complications can occur, he adds.

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Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a red, flaky rash that appears on the scalp, and is extremely itchy, says Dr. Parikh. Dandruff on your scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard, or mustache is also associated with the rash and patches of greasy skin covered in white or yellow crust can appear on the face, she adds.

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Shingles

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a localized viral rash of the chickenpox virus that usually manifests on one side of the body, says Dr. Jacobs. It looks like red welts with blisters on the surface and is accompanied by a fever, headache, and chills, he says.

The condition can cause complications of the face, eyes, and/or ears, so it's crucial to see a doctor ASAP if you suspect you have shingles, says Dr. Jacobs.

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Tick Bite

A tick bite appears as a small bump, similar to any insect bite, but can develop into a red rash that looks like a bullseye, says Dr. Ansell. The bite can swell and may cause itchiness, blistering, or bruising.

Additional symptoms include fever or joint pain which is a sign you should go to the doctor since it may be an indication of Lyme disease, she adds.

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When To See A Doctor For Your Skin Rash

If you have a rash that appears quickly and spreads rapidly, you should see a doctor right away, says Dr. Yadav. "Similarly, oozing, painful, hot rashes, especially those accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, and other internal symptoms can be a sign of something more serious and should receive medical attention